"In the 1930s and 1940s, there was considerable hostility toward blacks serving in law enforcement," which is why "members [had] to contribute to a defense fund [for officers] who became involved in litigation as the result of an arrest or legal investigation in the performance of their duties" (Dulaney 2010).

Souvenir Program: Tenth Annual Convention of the Texas Negro Peace Officers Association, September 17—18, 1945. This soft cover booklet contains information about the African—American population in San Antonio, a welcome from association President Brown L. Brackens, photos, and advertisements.